DL COMP BIOTECH

 How can you predict possible off targets for a given siRNA? siRNA (short interfering RNA) are small RNA molecules that can be used to silence or knockdown gene expression by binding to target messenger RNA (mRNA) and inducing its degradation. However, in addition to targeting the intended mRNA, siRNA can also bind to off-target mRNAs, leading to unintended effects. To predict possible off-targets for a given siRNA, several computational tools and databases are available, including: BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool): BLAST is a tool that allows you to compare a query sequence against a database of known sequences. By using BLAST, you can compare the siRNA sequence against a database of all known human genes and identify potential off-targets based on sequence similarity. TargetScan: TargetScan is a software tool that predicts the potential targets of miRNAs (microRNAs) and siRNAs by identifying conserved complementary sites within the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA. T...

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a type of liver disease that is associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. It is a serious condition that can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver failure. One possible connection between NASH and day-to-day phenomena or events is the prevalence of high-calorie, high-fat diets and sedentary lifestyles in modern society. Many people consume large amounts of processed and unhealthy foods and do not get enough physical activity, which can contribute to the development of NASH and other metabolic disorders. A possible analogy to illustrate this connection is the popular video game "Pac-Man." In the game, Pac-Man must navigate a maze and eat as many pellets and power-ups as possible while avoiding enemies. Similarly, in real life, our bodies must process and "eat" the food we consume while avoiding the harmful effects of excessive calorie intake and metabolic dysfunction. NASH can be thought of as a "ghost...

T he battle between Mtb ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis ) and the host can be represented as a game of chess: Mtb's opening move is to deploy its outer membrane proteins to block the host's immune response. The host responds by activating its complement system to attack Mtb's membrane, forcing it to retreat. Mtb counterattacks by secreting specialised proteins that manipulate the host's immune cells to prevent them from attacking. The host retaliates by activating its T-cells, which attack the infected cells, pushing Mtb's pieces back. Mtb tries to regroup and reposition its pieces by hiding inside the host's macrophages, but the host launches an immune response to destroy the infected cells. Mtb makes a desperate move by creating granulomas, dense clusters of infected cells, to try to survive the host's attack. The host sacrifices some of its immune cells to destroy the granulomas and finally checkmates Mtb by eradicating the infection. Overall, the battle is ...

I n recent years, personalized medicine has emerged as a promising approach to improving the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. By tailoring medical interventions to an individual's specific genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, personalized medicine has the potential to improve outcomes, reduce side effects, and lower healthcare costs. At the heart of personalized medicine lies systems biology, a multidisciplinary field that combines experimental and computational approaches to understand the complex networks of molecules, cells, and organs that underlie biological processes. The goal of systems biology is to build comprehensive models of biological systems that can be used to predict how they will respond to different perturbations, such as drug treatments or genetic mutations. These models can be used to identify new drug targets, to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies, and to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease. One exampl...

A s we age, our cells and tissues undergo a process of degeneration that is often accompanied by chronic diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular disease. But what if there was a way to slow down this process and keep our cells and tissues healthy for longer? That's where autophagy comes in. Autophagy is a process that occurs naturally in our bodies and is responsible for breaking down, and recycling damaged or dysfunctional cells and molecules. The word "autophagy" comes from the Greek words "auto", meaning self and "phagy", meaning eating, so autophagy literally means "self-eating." How Autophagy Works Autophagy is a complex process that involves the formation of autophagosomes, which are double-membrane vesicles that surround damaged or unwanted cellular components. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes, which are organelles that contain enzymes capable of breaking down the contents of the autophagosomes. The resu...

S ystems biology is an interdisciplinary field of science that studies complex biological systems as integrated networks of interacting components using computational and experimental approaches. It aims to uncover the principles that underlie the functioning of biological systems at different levels of organization, from molecules and cells to tissues and organisms. In recent years, systems biology has become a central paradigm in the life sciences, offering a powerful framework for understanding the complexity and diversity of biological phenomena. Artificial intelligence (AI) is another field that has seen tremendous growth and development in recent years. AI involves the use of machine learning algorithms to make predictions or decisions based on large sets of data. AI has revolutionized many fields, including image and speech recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous vehicles, to name just a few. The marriage of systems biology and AI represents a potent combination...